Calvert of Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, UK, at the request of the UK civil aviation ministry. The Simple Approach Lighting System (SALS), the Precision Approach CAT I lighting system, and the Precision Approach CAT II/III lighting system.īefore we go into further details, it is important to note that there are two types of approach lighting systems. There are three main approach lighting systems.
Picture: Runway Approach Lighting systemĪn approach lighting system is required to provide the pilots with alignment and roll guidance in the night and low visibility operations. Touch-down zone lights are usually barrette type (three or more lights together) which are shown in the picture. This avoids confusion as a heading of 900 degrees does not exist. However, in this case, a zero is added ahead of the number 9, making it runway 09. Similarly, if the heading to the runway is 90 degrees, the last zero is dropped. As seen in the example, the zero in 360 is dropped. Conventionally, only two digits are used to mark a runway. For example, if the runway is labeled 36, then the bearing to that runway is 360 degrees. The number is the magnetic heading or bearing to the runway. The number written on the runway denotes the identification of the runway. Both the markings and lighting on a runway are highly standardized. The lighting is used during the night and low visibility operations. The markings are used by pilots to determine the runway orientation, how much distance is left and to make other critical judgments during takeoffs and landings. The runway markings and lighting are essential for the safe operation of aircraft.
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